As Some Schools Plunge Into Technology, Poor Schools Are

As some schools plunge into technology, poor schools are left behind. (2012, January 24). Retrieved March 10, 2017. In this article, the authors indicate that students in high-poverty schools lack education because of the absence of technology in the schools. They explained that students who do not have the experience with technology fall behind academically compared to wealthier students. They discussed the importance of technology for the students’ learning and they believe that without technology the students will never learn the common techniques that others learn. The authors stated that the high-poverty schools have technology budgets that typically fall through. In result, they believe that extra funding should be provided to†¦show more content†¦While these students do not have technology at home, they also do not have technology at school, and most likely will fall behind other students. They discuss that it is important for these schools to get extra funding because the taxes are not enough. They also discuss ways to get funding, and how to be successful with these fundra isers. They discuss ways that parents and students could help raise money for the school, such as dances or car washes. This article is relevant to this project because they discuss why it is important to get funding for schools in high-poverty areas. Also, they discuss successful ways to fundraise, which is helpful information for this fundraising project and furthermore how much money can be raised for the schools. Low-income schools find new way to fundraise. (n.d.). Retrieved March 10, 2017. In this article, the authors discuss the importance of fundraising. They stated that high-poverty schools need extra funding for technology. They discussed ways to fundraise that have been successful, including online fundraising. 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Cigarettes Are Bad For Your Body - 968 Words

Cigarettes are bad for your body My first thought about cigarettes is, they are very harmful to the body and to others. As you look around at all those who smoke, they don t care who they smoke around. Second hand smoke is just as harmful as smoking is. There are serious dangers out there that are killing people. We should be aware of these dangers and know how it can affects others as well. This is who smoking is bad for anyone because of the harmful dangers cigarettes have in them. The first reason why smoking is bad for you is, it can cause additions. When starting to smoke it s hard for those to stop right away. It takes a lot of commitment and willing to stop because if don’t you won t get very far. There are people†¦show more content†¦No matter what smoke there is it still going to be harmful to the smoker s body. Here are some things that can be harmful to smokers body. Also, smoking is bad for you because it is very harmful to the body. When you first start to smoke it starts to affect your lungs. You have trouble breathing. Eventually if you don t stop smoking that can turn into lung cancer. That is not all. Turlington states The list of diseases caused by smoking has been expanded to include abdominal aortic aneurysm, acute myeloid leukemia, cataract, cervical cancer, kidney cancer, pancreatic cancer, pneumonia, periodontitis, and stomach cancer†. There are so many risk of smoking. Why would you risk yours. Not only does it hurt the smoker s body, but it harms people around them. It s called second hand smoke. Second hand smoke can also give you the same symptoms as smokers. There is not safe environment around smokers. Elsevier B.V say about, Worldwide, 40% of children, 33% of male non-smokers, and 35% of female non-smokers were exposed to secondhand smoke in 2004.This exposure was estimated to have caused 379, 000 deaths from ischemic he art disease†. Since this was in 2004 think about the how high the numbers are now. Another reason smoking is bad for you is, it can cause depression. When sitting there hurting and suffering from a disease that you got from smoking will just break you down. You will soon realize that you made a horrible mistake. Araya mentions about depression can

Conference On A Infrastructure Protection - Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Conference On A Infrastructure Protection? Answer: Introduction The transportation industry has been creating various critical issues to the human over several centuries. The railway transport has to evolve and reaching its peak point of providing transportation services. This report discusses the Acela Express between Washington D.C. and Boston USA. This report focuses on the critical condition of this railway and weakness that can be exploited during a terrorist attack. This report explains the intention of any terrorist group to attack this railway system. Various risks involved in this railway have been identified and critically analyzed in the report. This report outlines the risk assessment and risk management of the Acela Express between Washington D.C. and Boston USA. Various steps and strategies have been suggested for mitigating these risks including threats of terrorist attacks on the railway system in the USA. These strategies include both protective and resilience measures. Overview The Acela Express is a train under the Amtraks flagship service providing services along the Northeast Corridor in the Northeastern United States between Washington, D.C. and Boston (Edwards 2014). This train has 14 intermediate stops during its journey including Baltimore, Philadelphia and New York City. A huge number of passengers are travelling on this train approximately 3.4 million passengers in 2016. It has provided a huge revenue of $585 million to the Amtrak. Lewis (2014) commented that these trains use tilting technology that provides controlled centripetal forces for travelling at high speed. Acela operates routes used by freight and slower passenger traffic. It reaches maximum speed in only a few stations. This train travels through high-density population area of the country. Therefore, it does not travel through its maximum speed. Risk Assessment Various risks have been identified in the railway system including the Acela trains. These risks have created a critical situation for the railway system. Alcaraz and Zeadally (2015) mentioned that there have been various attacks and accidents recorded that have created a havoc among passengers during travelling in the Acela trains. Various strategies have been used by the culprits to create a critical situation among the passengers. Therefore, risks and threats have been increasing in the trains. Therefore, risks assessment process have to be implemented on the railway system of the Acela trains. These trains used to travel through crowded areas of the country that have created most attack prone zone for them. As commented by Betts (2015), there are various weak points of the trains that have created the vulnerability to risks and threats. The speed of the train is the main reason for accidents. Edwards (2014) stated that these trains used to travel at 150 MPH, which is a huge speed for a vehicle. As these trains travel through the populated area, the chances of accidents increases. The track inspection of the train has been of poor quality. Therefore, it creates the high risk for trains to dislocate from the railway tracks and might meet with an accident. The track configuration at Penn Station New York has a complex maze of slip switches that can be unique in various ways. Around 1,200 train movements are happening within this 21 track, seven-tunnel station area in downtown Manhattan. However, there are 12 tunnels in 20.6 miles (Stergiopoulos et al. 2016). Track Geometry Measuring System (TGMS) Track Description Inspection Frequency FRA Regulation Minimum EP2007 Preferred EP2007 Segments with track speed =125 MPH Twice within 60- days Every 30 days Every 15 days Segments with track speed = 110 MPH Twice within 120-days Every 30 days Every 30 days Segments with track speed = 90 MPH Not Regulated Every 90 days Every 45 days Other main tracks, terminals, turnouts, and crossovers Not Regulated Annually Every 6 months Contract Carrier Routes Not Regulated Every 2 years Annually Commuter Contract Operations Not Regulated As required by contract Table 1: Track Geometry Measuring System (Source: Stergiopoulos et al. 2016, pp.247) The electrification of the Pennsylvania Railways main line between New York and Washington D.C. and other suburban lines have radiated from Philadelphia faster schedules and increasing congestion region of the north-eastern region in the US. The checking of IDs and luggage screening have been a great problem in the US railway system. On 10 September, Khalid al-Khalil and Muammar al-Nadir returned to Boston. On 11 September, two men retrieved the cobalt-60 sources Khalid al-Kahlil has pre-positioned at Boston (Bennett 2017). Using Muammar al-Nadirs access to secured areas of Amtrak, the two men boarded an Acela Express train in the early morning hours prior to the trains first commute from Boston to New York City. The company have not properly maintained its duties and responsibilities in the market. Various divisions of the railway network have been suffering from enormous financial crisis due to these terrorist attacks on the railways. Fekete, Tzavella and Baumhauer (2017) commented that the management structure of the company has been suffering from the corruption and other illegal activities at a workplace. The terrorist attacks done by Al-Qaeda have disrupted the moral of the employees and passengers of the company. Effective Risk assessment methodologies are included in this case for implementing the critical infrastructure protection (CIP) in the railway industry. Pat?Cornell et al. (2017) mentioned that the CIP program has created several substantial academic resources for enhancing protection, resilience and preparedness of the Nations critical infrastructure. Methodologies are developed for mitigating various threats and risks in the railway industry. Sustainable policy needs to be implemented under the CIP cycle in order to maintain efficiency and vulnerability in the railway system. The terrorist attacks have been creating potential threats and risks in the railway system of USA. Gharehyakheh, Tolk, Fritts and Cantu (2017) stated that the policymakers and stakeholders of the railway system have been looking for implementing strict laws and CIP cycle in this context. The consequences including death of passengers, financial loss and harassment have been prevailing among individuals of the country. Steering between markets approaches has helped in providing several aspects of the risks assessment process. Various catastrophic changes have been done by government in order to implement CIP cycle. These changes include the change in the policies of railway and implementation of several railway security acts including Rail Safety Improvement Act 2008 (Meyer-Nieberg et al. 2017). A cost-effective security system has been installed in the trains that have helped in alarming in any terrible condition during the terrorist attack or an accident. The security of the rail system has been a prior function of government. The CIP program has created several substantial academic resources for enhancing protection, resilience and preparedness of the Nations critical infrastructure. Kitagawa, Preston and Chadderton (2017) commented that the CIP program has acted as a third party in order to maintain the security proposal in the railway industry of USA. Global leaders have provided funding in the implementation of this program in the railway industry. Pescaroli and Kelman (2017) stated that after the catastrophic situation of 9/11 attack, the government has been strict in implementing laws and policies in the state. The stakeholders of the company have been ordered to implement this CIP program in their company for providing security to the passengers from various threats and risks. The CIP program provides timely analysis of the current issues in the railway system including the safety and terrorist attack. A theoretical based approach has been taken in order to implement CIP program in order to minimize risks threats involved in railways. Public and government support have been a key opportunity of the CIP cycle that initiates different liabilities in the railway system. Resilience can be addressed with the help of RI that is a preliminary phase (Ani, He and Tiwari 2017). Therefore, the evaluation of the RI has been based on the same methodology including design and data collection method. Data is based on the robustness and res ourcefulness of the facility provided by the railway system. Risk Management Risk management is a concept that aligns identifying, quantifying, mitigating risks and reviewing the solution. Gustavsson et al. (2017) commented that Risk management process depends on the various factors that are creating the risks in the system. In this case, railway system of the US has been facing several risks including accidents, poor management and terrorist attack. Therefore, risk management imposes a proper control over possible future events in order to manage risks in the railway system. Terrorist attacks have been a major risk and threat in the Acela Express train. After the 9/11 attack in the US, the government have been terrified of the terrorist attack and taking useful steps in order to minimize this threat. Implementation of strict laws and acts have been initiated in the country (Ouyanget al. 2017). The security of sensitive areas including railway station, airport, hospitals and shopping malls have been increased. This has helped in maintaining the security of the state. There have been various loopholes and weaknesses in the railway system in the USA. The Acela train travels through high-density population area. Therefore, the speed of the train is a major problem for the railway system. This train is not able to run at a high speed through this area. The facilities on the train have been degraded from past years. This has created the decrease in the interest of the passengers to travel through this train (Pant et al. 2017). One of the major weaknesses is the security of the train. There has been the increase in the terrorist attacks on the train. Small robbery including snatching of ornaments and money has been a common problem in this train. Therefore, the system has been suffering from the security problems. Therefore, a risk management policy has to be implemented in the railway system to mitigate these problems. The government of the company have been focusing on maintaining the effort done by the council of the railways. The use of the security guards at each train, checking luggage and id have helped in providing security to the railway. The disastrous impact of the terrorist attacks has affected potential measures for development of the railways in the country. The use of various methods including Information and communication technologies (ICT) have helped in providing reliability, security and system safety in the railway system. It also provides seat availability, operations and minimizing the cost of the railways. Alcaraz and Zeadally (2015) mentioned that ICT devices have helped in providing visual surveillance to the system. CCTV cameras are installed in the trains and platforms that provide the continuous update of the activities. Multiple cyber components can be secured with the help of ICT. Various methods including wireless communication and data transfer have been secured that have an intersection of information by the terrorist groups. Therefore, terrorist attacks in the trains and railway system can be minimized. Terrorist activities can be both physical and technological. However, terrorist used to perform cyber-attacks on the server of the railway systems. Various viruses and malware are injected into the server of a railway system. These viruses and malware used to intrude into databases of a system and cause data loss. Therefore, the blueprint and train route maps are in danger due to cyber-attacks. The Critical Infrastructure Protection Decision Support (CIPDSS) is a tool that helps in decision-making system for critical infrastructures. This tool is applicable for every infrastructure and helps decision makers to decide upon mitigating strategies from the risks involved in the systems. This methodology helps in maintaining an appropriate approach in order to function towards a concrete decision related to problem-solving approach. The terrorist attack can be minimized by the use of CIPDSS. Alcaraz and Zeadally (2015) mentioned that impacts of terrorist attack have been deadly on the mind of the passengers. There have been many deaths occurred due to the terrorist attacks on the trains. However, these impacts have been aggregated with different sectors with common metrics. Therefore, evaluation of these impacts has helped in mitigating various risks in the railway systems. Counteract The cluster of User Network in Transport and Energy related to Anti-Terrorist Activities (COUNTERACT) is based on providing security to the railway system for strategies to mitigate terrorist activities. Pat?Cornell et al. (2017) mentioned that this concept has focused on terrorist attacks in energy and transport sectors. The security measures in transport sectors including railway have been focused on the non-structural infrastructure. The disastrous impact of the terrorist attacks has affected potential measures for development of the railways in the country. These attacks have hampered the development of the railway system. The vulnerability of the probability assessment has helped in detecting gaps and loopholes in the security system of the railways. The weak points have been detected in the cost, effectiveness, insurance and time for implementing daily basis operations. The traditional risk management process has been removed with the modern approaches to the risk management pr ocess. Severity levels of the risks have been initiated in which, terror attacks have been rated as the topmost high-risk level in the system. Increase in the terrorist attacks has created a critical situation for the railways. The implementation of the advanced technology has helped in maintaining a proper approach for mitigating terrorism in the railway systems. Gustavsson et al. (2017) commented that the use of biometrics in the transport system for making entry into the station might help on maintaining the record of each passenger in the train. The use of x-ray machines helps n checking the body of any individual carrying any metal thing with them. As commented by Betts (2015), therefore, it helps in detecting any harmful metal things on the train. These parameters might help in minimizing the terrorist activities in the trains as the railway system. The combination of the probability assessment and the risk management helps in maintaining a methodology of creating strategies f or mitigating terrorism. Conclusion It can be concluded that the railway system of the USA has been suffering from the terrorist attacks. The Acela Express travels through Washington DC to Boston, USA. These routes have been terrified with various terrorist activities over the tine. Various risks have been identified over time including high cost, accidents and terrorist activate in the trains. The government of the country have been terrified with these activities and creating strategies for mitigating these activities. The use of various tools and techniques have helped in reducing these risks. The CIP cycle has helped in maintaining the policies and laws prepared by the government in order to mitigate terrorism in the railway system. The terrorist has targeted the database of the company by the cyber-attacks. Hackers have intruded into the online database of the railway and breached personal and important data from it. These things have triggered terrorist activities in the railway system. The risk management proces s has helped in maintaining the risks and threats prevailing in the railway system. The use of several tools and techniques have contributed in controlling terrorist activities in the railway system. The Critical Infrastructure Protection Decision Support (CIPDSS) is a tool that helps in decision-making system for critical infrastructures. The security measures in transport sectors including railway have been focused on the non-structural infrastructure. References Alcaraz, C. and Zeadally, S., 2015. Critical infrastructure protection: Requirements and challenges for the 21st century.International journal of critical infrastructure protection,8, pp.53-66. Ani, U.P.D., He, H. and Tiwari, A., 2017. Review of cybersecurity issues in industrial critical infrastructure: manufacturing in perspective.Journal of Cyber Security Technology,1(1), pp.32-74. Bennett, B.T., 2017.Understanding, assessing, and responding to terrorism: Protecting critical infrastructure and personnel. John Wiley Sons. Betts, J.A., 2015.Ethics, national security, and critical infrastructure protection(Doctoral dissertation, Queen's University Belfast). Edwards, C.I.P.M., 2014. Threats to Energy Resources and Infrastructure.Critical Infrastructure Protection,116, p.45. Edwards, M. ed., 2014.Critical infrastructure protection(Vol. 116). IOS Press. Fekete, A., Tzavella, K. and Baumhauer, R., 2017. Spatial exposure aspects contributing to vulnerability and resilience assessments of urban critical infrastructure in a flood and blackout context.Natural Hazards,86(1), pp.151-176. Gharehyakheh, A., Tolk, J., Fritts, S. and Cantu, J., 2017. A Survey Paper of Protecting Critical Infrastructure: Applying High Reliability Theory to Advance Organizational Resilience. InIIE Annual Conference. Proceedings(pp. 1968-1973). Institute of Industrial and Systems Engineers (IISE). Gustavsson, P., Ibrahim, O., Johansson, B., Larsson, A., Lindqvister, T. and Olson, L., 2017. Challenges for critical infrastructure reslience: cascading effects of payment system disruptions. In14th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Respons And Management(Vol. 14, pp. 281-292). ISCRAM SOCIETY. Kitagawa, K., Preston, J. and Chadderton, C., 2017. Preparing for disaster: a comparative analysis of education for critical infrastructure collapse.Journal of Risk Research,20(11), pp.1450-1465. Lewis, T.G., 2014.Critical infrastructure protection in homeland security: defending a networked nation. John Wiley Sons. Liu, X., Shahidehpour, M., Li, Z., Liu, X., Cao, Y. and Li, Z., 2017. Power system risk assessment in cyber attacks considering the role of protection systems.IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid,8(2), pp.572-580. Meyer-Nieberg, S., Zsifkovits, M., Hauschild, D. and Luther, S., 2017. Simulation-Based Analyses for Critical Infrastructure Protection: Identifying Risks by Using Data Farming. InOperations Research Proceedings 2015(pp. 349-354). Springer, Cham. Ouyang, M. and Fang, Y., 2017. A mathematical framework to optimize critical infrastructure resilience against intentional attacks.Computer?Aided Civil and Infrastructure Engineering,32(11), pp.909-929. Ouyang, M., Tian, H., Wang, Z., Hong, L. and Mao, Z., 2017. Critical infrastructure vulnerability to spatially localized failures with applications to Chinese railway system.Risk Analysis. Pant, R., Thacker, S., Hall, J.W., Alderson, D. and Barr, S., 2017. Critical infrastructure impact assessment due to flood exposure.Journal of Flood Risk Management. Pat?Cornell, M., Kuypers, M., Smith, M. and Keller, P., 2017. Cyber Risk Management for Critical Infrastructure: A Risk Analysis Model and Three Case Studies.Risk Analysis. Pescaroli, G. and Kelman, I., 2017. How critical infrastructure orients international relief in cascading disasters.Journal of Contingencies and Crisis Management,25(2), pp.56-67. Stergiopoulos, G., Vasilellis, E., Lykou, G., Kotzanikolaou, P. and Gritzalis, D., 2016, March. Classification and comparison of critical infrastructure protection tools. InInternational Conference on Critical Infrastructure Protection(pp. 239-255). Springer, Cham. Stergiopoulos, G., Vasilellis, S., Lykou, G., Kotzanikolaou, P. and Gritzalis, D., 2016, March. Critical Infrastructure Protection tools: Classification and comparison. InProc. of the 10th International Conference on Critical Infrastructure Protection.

The Coming of age in Mississippi Essays - , Term Papers

The Coming Of Age In Mississippi I have read a few slave narratives and similar types of biographies, top of the list were Narrative of the Life of Fredrick Douglas and Sojourner Truth, now I can add a favorite, Coming of Age in Mississippi. The narrator, Anne Moody, tells the story and portrays her life up to age twenty-four at the end of the book. As a poor Black girl growing up in rural Wilkerson County, Mississippi, during the civil rights movement of the 1940's and 1950's, Anne, called Essie Mae in the story, always sought a purpose for her life. She overcomes the obstacles of discrimination, hunger, poverty, and abuse as she struggles to survive. The story begins when Anne is 4 year old child. From the beginning I realize that she is neglected as a child. Essie?s mother, Mama aka Toosweet Davis, strives to take care of her children. Her and Essie?s father, Dill ?Diddly? Moody are sharecroppers working for a white farmer. During the early 1930s, sharecropping initially arose as a compromise between Blacks desire land and planters? demand for labor discipline. Out of the conflict on the plantations, new systems of labor emerged in the different regions of the South. This system allowed each Black family to rent a part of the plantation, with the crop divided in between the worker and owner. Eventually , sharecropping came to dominate the South. George Lee, Toosweet?s younger brother is forced to look after Anne and Adline, the youngest daughter at the time, when he is only eight years old, while their parents are working. Her brother is very cruel and abusive. He hits the girls and accidentally sets the wallpaper on fire when h e tries to scare them with matches. Unfortunately Essie bears the blame. This seems to happen often in her life, as she doesn?t have much choice to speak for herself. Early on, her family was broken apart after Toosweet long suspected Anne?s father, has an affair Florence, the ?High Yellow? widow of his best friend; this destroys his marriage with Toosweet. This not the first, time the family breaks apart. Her mother moved the family several times throughout her childhood working as a maid for various white families, as did Anne, in order to help with her family?s income. This story gave a genuine actualization of what it means to be Black. Early on, Toosweet encourages Anne?s to do her best in school. Unlike her younger siblings, she is very smart, timid, determined, and inquisitive. In the story when Anne sits at the table for dinner with the Claibornes, they thought of her as intelligent, average, and were obviously impressed. This was symbolic of Anne realizing the differences and similarities between Whites and Blacks. In addition to being dirt poor, the Moody family struggled to even provide food for them. They rarely ate anything other than beans and bread. Anne s parents worked six days a week, affording them little time to spend with their family. After that, she ate with them every time and learned a lot from them because they started treating her like their own child. It was obvious Anne liked the attention she was getting there, because it was almost nonexistent at home, unless her mom was in a good mood. Toosweet disliked this treatment her daughter was receiving arguing that Black and White is not the same. Similar to her mother Toosweet, Anne was a very private person, and her withheld feelings which often led to emotional breakdowns. In many ways Toosweet symbolizes the older generation?s resistance to change in her time. She also makes that resistance seem very understandable. Because Toosweet?s attitude toward Whites, Anne was usually afraid to ask her mother questions about what is going on around her. Through most of her childhood experiences, she learns the social significance of race and gender on her own because her mother avoids confronting the issue because she feels society cannot be changed but eventually, it did. Just as the civil rights movement was maturing in the early 1950s, Anne also was maturing as a young woman. She was also becoming increasingly conscious of racial inequalities. The civil rights movement took place

Tang Dynasty Essays - Tang Dynasty, Dynasties In Chinese History

Tang Dynasty Essays - Tang Dynasty, Dynasties In Chinese History Tang Dynasty The fall of the Sui in the early 17th century led to a new power, one that revolutionized the social and empirical structure. At its height, the Tang Empire stretched from what is now Manchuria in the northeast into what is now Vietnam in the southwest. Building on the reunification of northern China and the southern China by the Sui dynasty. The Tang Empire established a strong, centralized state system, which brought together the aristocratic clans of all regions, finally ended four centuries of division between northern and southern China. The Tang dynasty was a time of great prosperity, many religions such Buddhism, and Daoism (Taoism), and the literature, scholarship, and arts of the Confucian flourished. The Tangs capital took place in Changan, which became one of the richest and most populous cities in the world, with two million people living there. The Tang dynasty was the time of great inventions, great poets, technologies, which not only influenced China itself in the futu re, but Asia as a whole. Although Li Yuan founded this incredibly long-lived powerful dynasty, ruled as Emperor as Gaozu, but the real powers were in the hands of his son, Li Shih-min. Who later came to power, and assumed the title Tai-tsung. He was an energetic emperor and was determined to solve the internal problems that had destroyed past dynasties. He recreated the Chinese government. At the top of the hierarchy was the emperor; below his were three administrations; Council of the state, Military Affairs, and the Censorate. The most import of these three administrations was the council of the state, which drafted policy, reviewed policy, and implemented policy. The military affairs directed the military under the control of the emperor. The censorate watched over the government and government officials to prevent misgoverning, and corruption. This System that Tai-tsung had brilliantly came up with, led to the result of the central state system working more efficient than ever. The political greatness of the Tang Empire was due in majority to the group of Confucian scholars that advises the Emperor. These scholars were chosen through an indiscriminate civil service examination. The test meant as a competition to bring the among all the most talented people into the government. Past dynasties was due to their reliance on aristocratic families, nobles, and warlords. China flourished in part due to the new economic and trading ties with different regions. Trade was possible because the Tang maintained a good foreign relation. The emperor and his court kept close attention to the power and possible threat of nomadic non-Chinese tribes along the northern border. During the 640s and the 650s, the Tang Empire established its dominance over the Turkish tribes in the north and west and the central Asia. In the 670s China once again gained control over the Tibetan peoples in Turfan. The Tang Empire traded with, India, Middle East, and Byzantium in the west. This was possible because the Tang maintained relative peace among the different races that traded along the Silk Road. Foreign merchants were welcomed in Changan. Foreign religions such and Manichaeism, Nestorian Christianity, and Zoroastrianism, were allowed by the Tang to built churches in Changan. Foreign merchants from Southeast Asia, India, Arabia, came by sea to the port of Canton. Then travel north to a large trading city at the southern end of the Grand Canal, and then proceeded along the canal to Changan. The trading ties with India brought Buddhism to china and gave it a place in Chinese culture. One of the most important institutions in the Tang society were the Buddhist temples, which succeeded in their independence from government attempts to control them. The Buddhist Monasteries played many important roles in the Chinese society. Many held amounts of tax-free lands, which led it to be the most important economic institution in a local community. When there were problems, the Monasteries were the place to go for help. Farmers in need of money, or grain for planting borrowed from the monasteries; travelers lodged at the monasteries, local children went to the monasteries to learnt to read. Chinese pilgrims, and foreign monks brought doctrines and texts form India and central Asia to China to be translated. Monks from Japan, Korea,

When I Grow Up - Planning My Future essays

When I Grow Up - Planning My Future essays By: xxxxxxxx Submitted to: Prof. xxxxxxx English 101-118 xx April 2xxx When I Grow Up Occupational therapist and zoologist are two professions that appeal to me; they both have qualities and options that I desire in a career. I. Brief narrative describing careers I had considered in the past and the two I have now narrowed it down to. II. Zoologist and occupational therapist both do work I would enjoy A. Zoologist are biological scientist that study animals 1. Zoologist may study one animal or groups of 2. Zoologists may study the effects animals have on the ecosystem or vice-versa 3. Zoology is interesting to me because I like B. Occupational therapist help people regain or improve 1. Occupational therapists may work to improve psychological, social or physical aspects in 2. Occupational therapy would be a rewarding career III. Both professions offer a variety of work places and areas to A. Zoologists have many options to specialize in. 1. I have listed areas a zoologist may specialize in. 2. Many jobs are available to a zoologist. B. Occupational therapist may also specialize by what type of people they work with. 1. The different types of people a occupational therapist may choose to work with 2. I have listed some places that an occupational therapist works IV. I need to consider the education required to wor...

The current level of government regulation of business is detrimental Essay

The current level of government regulation of business is detrimental to our economy(the first paper you wrote that was unusable) - Essay Example Liberalization, deregulation, and privatization are a large part of the push for a neo-liberal economic agenda by its proponents to get â€Å"official authorities [to] create an enabling environment for markets and then let the private sector supply the social good with (according to the theory) maximum efficiency† (Scholte 2000, p.285). Krugman (1995) states in spite of possible and actual negative outcomes, governments have been eager to adopt the programs outlined by the leaders of the Washington consensus at the same time markets have been busy dumping money into reforming economies for two main reasons. The first is the speculative bubble in the financial markets. The second has more to do with sociological rather than economic perceptions in that the seemingly endless number of meetings, negotiations, and press releases concerning financial and related markets converged into a commonsense understanding of economic opinion. In addition, governments adopted the prescribed programs because markets were rewarding those who adopted and embraced these programs. According to Krugman (1995, np), â€Å"[p]eople believe certain stories because everyone important tells them, and people tell those stories because everyone important believes them. Indeed, when a conventional wisdom is at its fullest strength, one’s agreement with that conventional wisdom becomes almost a litmus test of one’s suitability to be taken seriously.† It became difficult to question or stand against, and easier to support this common wisdom, thus further reinforcing it. Hence, the Washington consensus has been embraced even if its program results have had devastating effects on many countries and eventually on the United States in the year 2008. In 2008, the collapse of key American financial organizations sent the global financial system into free fall as credit began to freeze and trillions of dollars in shareholder value were wiped out.

Stock Market Cycles Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Stock Market Cycles - Essay Example Although the political world affects the stock market in the short term the market recovers quickly. What drives the stock market the most are interest rates, inflation, and corporate profits. Interest rates are set by the Federal Reserve. Federal policy is set through the raising or lowering of interest rates. Interest rates help dictate the demand for goods and services. This in turn affects corporate profits and inflation. Interest rates set by business and industry are set according to what people believe the Federal Reserve will set long term interest rates at. This forecasting of interest rates is driven by what the Federal Reserve is projected to do in the future. High interest rates alter borrowing costs. This has the effect of changing the availability of bank loans and household wealth. Lastly, interest rates affect foreign exchange rates (Federal Reserve San Francisco). Corporate profits drive the stock market either up or down depending upon whether corporations have a gain or a loss. Large corporate profits give corporations more to spend or reinvest in the corporation. The gains are passed on to investors through increase in value of the company's stocks and larger dividends. Most dividends are reinvested into the corporation thus increasing growth potential of the corporation. Corporate losses have the opposite affect. Losses are passed on to corporate stock holders in the form of decreased stock value and lower dividend payments. What also drives stock prices is corporate reporting. A corporation that has had a positive growth fiscal year tends to prompt a rise in the value of its stock. Likewise fiscal reporting that falls short of forecasts has the effect of lowering stock value. In addition to reporting results, a corporation's non-compliance with reporting requirements or late reporting has the affect of lowering its stock value. Mainly, t his is because non-compliance is most associated with problems within the organization or reports of an external investigation by the SEC (Securities and Exchange Commission). Corporate earnings have the trickle down affect of the raising or lowering of purchasing power of its stockholders and employees. Employees often benefit from owning company stock through a corporate stock option program that awards stock to employees as retirement compensation. A company seeing losses passes that loss of value on to its employees by lowering of the stock price. This has the affect of lowering the value of the employee's retirement plan. A win-win situation would be employees working hard to assist the corporation in making profits because both the corporation and the employees benefit from higher stock values. As long as corporations and individuals have buying power they will exercise that power by purchasing more stocks. That, in affect, gives the corporation more money to spend on operations that make money for the corporation. Thus stock market values rise (Bull market). The inverse lowers stock values and reinvestment and the stock market experiences a bear market. Lastly, a war has an interesting affect on the stock market. Initially, the announcement of a conflict serves to drive the market downward. But, once war production begins and corporations begin to make money because of the conflict the stock market is driven up. Works Cited: Federal Reserve

Recreation and Sports Essay Example for Free

Recreation and Sports Essay While it may be true that the Mason City government ought to devote more money to riverside recreational facilities, this authors argument does not make a cogent case for increased resources based on river use. It is easy to understand why city residents would want a cleaner river, but this argument is rife with holes and assumptions, and thus, not strong enough to lead to increased funding. Citing surveys of city residents, the author reports city residents love of water sports. It is not clear, however, the scope and validity of that survey. For example, the survey could have asked residents if they prefer using the river for water sports or would like to see a hydroelectric dam built, which may have swayed residents toward river sports. The sample may not have been representative of city residents, asking only those residents who live upon the river. The survey may have been 10 pages long, with 2 questions dedicated to river sports. We just do not know. Unless the survey is fully representative, valid, and reliable, it can not be used to effectively back the authors argument. Additionally, the author implies that residents do not use the river for swimming, boating, and fishing, despite their professed interest, because the water is polluted and smelly. While a polluted, smelly river would likely cut down on river sports, a concrete connection between the residents lack of river use and the rivers current state is not effectively made. Though there have been complaints, we do not know if there have been numerous complaints from a wide range of people, or perhaps from one or two individuals who made numerous complaints. To strengthen his/her argument, the author would benefit from implementing a normed survey asking a wide range of residents why they do not currently use the river. Building upon the implication that residents do not use the river due to the quality of the rivers water and the smell, the author suggests that a river clean up will result in increased river usage. If the rivers water quality and smell result from problems which can be cleaned, this may be true. For example, if the decreased water quality and aroma is caused by pollution by factories along the river, this conceivably could be remedied. But if the quality and aroma results from the natural mineral deposits in the water or surrounding rock, this may not be true. There are some bodies of water which emit a strong smell of sulphur due to the geography of the area. This is not something likely to be afffected by a clean-up. Consequently, a river clean up may have no impact upon river usage. Regardless of whether the rivers quality is able to be improved or not, the author does not effectively show a connection between water quality and river usage. A clean, beautiful, safe river often adds to a citys property values, leads to increased tourism and revenue from those who come to take advantage of the river, and a better overall quality of life for residents. For these reasons, city government may decide to invest in improving riverside recreational facilities. However, this authors argument is not likely significantly persuade the city goverment to allocate increased funding. Reader Commentary for Essay Response — Score 6 This insightful response identifies important assumptions and thoroughly examines their implications. The proposal to spend more on riverside recreational facilities rests on three questionable assumptions, namely: †¢THAT THE SURVEY PROVIDES A RELIABLE BASIS FOR BUDGET PLANNING †¢THAT THE RIVER’S POLLUTION AND ODOR ARE THE ONLY REASONS FOR ITS LIMITED RECREATIONAL USE. †¢THAT EFFORTS TO CLEAN THE WATER AND REMOVE THE ODOR WILL BE SUCCESSFUL By showing that each assumption is highly suspect, this essay demonstrates the weakness of the entire argument. For example, paragraph 2 points out that the survey might not have used a representative sample, might have offered limited choices, and might have contained very few questions on water sports. Paragraph 3 examines the tenuous connection between complaints and limited use of the river for recreation. Complaints about water quality and odor may be coming from only a few people and, even if such complaints are numerous, other completely different factors may be much more significant in reducing river usage. Finally, paragraph 4 explains that certain geologic features may prevent effective river clean-up. Details such as these provide compelling support. In addition, careful organization ensures that each new point builds upon the previous ones. For example, note the clear transitions at the beginning of paragraphs 3 and 4, as well as the logical sequence of sentences within paragraphs (specifically paragraph 4). Although this essay does contain minor errors, it still conveys ideas fluently. Note the effective word choices (e. g. , rife with . . . assumptions and may have swayed residents). In addition, sentences are not merely varied; they also display skillful embedding of subordinate elements. For example, note the sustained parallelism in the first sentence of the concluding paragraph. Since this response offers cogent examination of the argument and conveys meaning skillfully, it earns a score of 6. Essay Response — Score 5 The author of this proposal to increase the budget for Mason City riverside recreational facilities offers aninteresting argument but to move forward on the proposal would definitely   require more information and thought. While the correlations stated are logical and probable, there may be hidden factors that prevent the City from diverting resources to this project. For example, consider the survey rankings among Mason City residents. The thought is that such high regard for water sports will translate into usage. But, survey responses can hardly be used as indicators of actual behavior. Many surveys conducted after the winter holidays reveal people who list exercise and weight loss as a top priority. Yet every profession does not equal a new gym membership. Even the wording of the survey results remain ambiguous and vague. While water sports may be among the residents favorite activities, this allows for many other favorites. What remains unknown is the priorities of the general public. Do they favor these water sports above a softball field or soccer field? Are they willing to sacrifice the municipal golf course for better riverside facilities? Indeed the survey hardly provides enough information to discern future use of improved facilities. Closely linked to the surveys is the bold assumption that a cleaner river will result in increased usage. While it is not illogical to expect some increase, at what level will people begin to use the river? The answer to this question requires a survey to find out the reasons our residents use or do not use the river. Is river water quality the primary limiting factor to usage or the lack of docks and piers? Are people more interested in water sports than the recreational activities that they are already engaged in? These questions will help the city government forecast how much river usage will increase and to assign a proportional increase to the budget. Likewise, the author is optimistic regarding the state promise to clean the river. We need to hear the source of the voices and consider any ulterior motives. Is this a campaign year and the plans a campaign promise from the state representative? What is the timeline for the clean-up effort? Will the state fully fund this project? We can imagine the misuse of funds in renovating the riverside facilities only to watch the new buildings fall into dilapidation while the state drags the river clean-up. Last, the author does not consider where these additional funds will be diverted from. The current budget situation must be assessed to determine if this increase can be afforded. In a sense, the City may not be willing to draw money away from other key projects from road improvements to schools and education. The author naively assumes that the money can simply appear without forethought on where it will come from. Examining all the various angles and factors involved with improving riverside recreational facilities, the argument does not justify increasing the budget. While the proposal does highlight a possibility, more information is required to warrant any action. Reader Commentary for Essay Response — Score 5 Each paragraph in the body of this perceptive essay identifies and examines an unstated assumption that is crucial to the argument. The major assumptions discussed are: †¢THAT A SURVEY CAN ACCURATELY PREDICT BEHAVIOR †¢THAT CLEANING THE RIVER WILL, IN ITSELF, INCREASE RECREATIONAL USAGE †¢THAT STATE PLANS TO CLEAN THE RIVER WILL ACTUALLY BE REALIZED †¢THAT MASON CITY CAN AFFORD TO SPEND MORE ON RIVERSIDE RECREATIONAL FACILITIES. Support within each paragraph is both thoughtful and thorough. For example, paragraph 2 points out vagueness in the wording of the survey: Even if water sports rank among the favorite recreational activities of Mason City residents, other sports may still be much more popular. Thus, if the first assumption proves unwarranted, the argument to fund riverside facilities — rather than soccer fields or golf courses — becomes much weaker. Paragraph 4 considers several reasons why river clean-up plans may not be successful (the plans may be nothing more than campaign promises or funding may not be adequate). Thus, the weakness of the third assumption undermines the argument that river recreation will increase and riverside improvements will be needed at all. Instead of dismissing each assumption in isolation, this response places them in a logical order and considers their connections. Note the appropriate transitions between and within paragraphs, clarifying the links among the assumptions (e. g. , Closely linked to the surveys †¦ or The answer to this question requires ). Along with strong development, this response also displays facility with language. Minor errors in punctuation are present, but word choices are apt and sentences suitably varied in pattern and length. The response uses a number of rhetorical questions, but the implied answers are always clear enough to support the points being made. Thus, the response satisfies all requirements for a score of 5, but its development is not thorough or compelling enough for a 6. Essay Response — Score 4 The problem with the arguement is the assumption that if the Mason River were cleaned up, that people would use it for water sports and recreation. This is not necessarily true, as people may rank water sports among their favorite recreational activities, but that does not mean that those same people have the financial ability, time or equipment to pursue those interests. However, even if the writer of the arguement is correct in assuming that the Mason River will be used more by the citys residents, the arguement does not say why the recreational facilities need more money. If recreational facilities already exist along the Mason River, why should the city allot more money to fund them? If the recreational facilities already in existence will be used more in the coming years, then they will be making more money for themselves, eliminating the need for the city government to devote more money to them. According to the arguement, the reason people are not using the Mason River for water sports is because of the smell and the quality of water, not because the recreational facilities are unacceptable. If the city government alloted more money to the recreational facilities, then the budget is being cut from some other important city project. Also, if the assumptions proved unwarranted, and more people did not use the river for recreation, then much money has been wasted, not only the money for the recreational facilities, but also the money that was used to clean up the river to attract more people in the first place. Reader Commentary for Essay Response — Score 4 This competent response identifies two unstated assumptions: †¢THAT CLEANING UP THE MASON RIVER WILL LEAD TO INCREASED RECREATIONAL USE †¢THAT EXISTING FACILITIES ALONG THE RIVER NEED MORE FUNDING Paragraph 1 offers reasons why the first assumption is questionable (e. g. , residents may not have the necessary time or money for water sports). Similarly, paragraphs 2 and 3 explain that riverside recreational facilities may already be adequate and may, in fact, produce additional income if usage increases. Thus, the response is adequately developed and satisfactorily organized to show how the argument depends on questionable assumptions. However, this essay does not rise to a score of 5 because it fails to consider several other unstated assumptions (e. g. , that the survey is reliable or that the efforts to clean the river will be successful). Furthermore, the final paragraph makes some extraneous, unsupported assertions of its own. Mason City may actually have a budget surplus so that cuts to other projects will not be necessary, and cleaning the river may provide other real benefits even if it is not used more for water sports. This response is generally free of errors in grammar and usage and displays sufficient control of language to support a score of 4. Essay Response — Score 3 Surveys are created to speak for the people; however, surveys do not always speak for the whole community. A survey completed by Mason City residents concluded that the residents enjoy water sports as a form of recreation. If that is so evident, why has the river not been used? The blame can not be soley be placed on the city park department. The city park department can only do as much as they observe. The real issue is not the residents use of the river, but their desire for a more pleasant smell and a more pleasant sight. If the city government cleans the river, it might take years for the smell to go away. If the budget is changed to accomodate the clean up of the Mason River, other problems will arise. The residents will then begin to complain about other issues in their city that will be ignored because of the great emphasis being placed on Mason River. If more money is taken out of the budget to clean the river an assumption can be made. This assumption is that the budget for another part of cit maintenance or building will be tapped into to. In addition, to the budget being used to clean up Mason River, it will also be allocated in increasing riverside recreational facilites. The government is trying to appease its residents, and one can warrant that the role of the government is to please the people. There are many assumptions being made; however, the government can not make the assumption that people want the river to be cleaned so that they can use it for recreational water activities. The government has to realize the long term effects that their decision will have on the monetary value of their budget. Reader Commentary for Essay Response — Score 3 Even though much of this essay is tangential, it offers some relevant examination of the argument’s assumptions. The early sentences mention a questionable assumption (that the survey results are reliable) but do not explain how the survey might have been flawed. Then the response drifts to irrelevant matters — a defense of the city park department, a prediction of budget problems and the problem of pleasing city residents. Some statements even introduce unwarranted assumptions that are not part of the original argument (e. g. ,The residents will then begin to complain about other issues and This assumption is that the budget for another part of city maintenance or building will be tapped into). Near the end, the response does correctly note that city government should not assume that residents want to use the river for recreation. Hence, the proposal to increase funding for riverside recreational facilities may not be justified. In summary, the language in this response is reasonably clear, but its examination of unstated assumptions remains limited and therefore earns a score of 3. Essay Response — Score 2. This statement looks like logical, but there are some wrong sentences in it which is not logical. First, this statement mentions raking water sports as their favorite recreational activities at the first sentence. However, it seems to have a ralation between the first sentence and the setence which mentions that increase the quality of the rivers water and the rivers smell. This is a wrong cause and result to solve the problem. Second, as a reponse to the complaints from residents, the state plan to clean up the river. As a result, the state expects that water sports will increase. When you look at two sentences, the result is not appropriate for the cause. Third, the last statement is the conclusion. However, even though residents rank water sports, the city government might devote the budget to another issue. This statement is also a wrong cause and result. In summary, the statement is not logical because there are some errors in it. The supporting setences are not strong enough to support this issue. Reader Commentary for Essay Response — Score 2 Although this essay appears to be carefully organized, it does not follow the directions for the assigned task. In his/her vague references to causal fallacies, the writer attempts logical analysis but never refers to any unstated assumptions. Furthermore, several errors in grammar and sentence structure interfere with meaning (e. g. , This statement looks like logical, but there are some wrong sentences in it which is not logical). Because this response does not follow the directions for the assigned task and contains errors in sentence structure and logical development, it earns a score of 2. Essay Response — Score 1 The statement assumes that everyone in Mason City enjoys some sort of recreational activity, which may not be necessarily true. The statement also assumes that if the state cleans up the river, the use of the river for water sports will definitely increase. Reader Commentary for Essay Response — Score 1 The brevity of this two-sentence response makes it fundamentally deficient. Sentence 1 states an assumption that is actually not present in the argument, and sentence 2 correctly states an assumption but provides no discussion of its implications. Although the response may begin to address the assigned task, it offers no development. As such, it is clearly extremely brief providing little evidence of an organized response and should earn a score of 1.

Tools of the Astronomer :: essays research papers

The Telescope of the Astronomer   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Years and Years ago, astronomers didn't have the advantage of the telescope. They could only use their naked eye. It wasn't until Galileo first made a better telescope that it could be used for looking into space. Most every telescope you buy today is better than the one he used. These telescopes have revolutionized astronomy in general.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  When Galileo first took his telescope and looked at the sky he saw amazing things. He saw craters on the Moon, dark spots on the surface of the Sun, tiny moons moving around Jupiter. No one else had ever seen these things. With the modern telescopes we use today, we can see many many more things.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Light from planets, stars and galaxies spreads itself on Earth, and a telescope collects this light and lets us look at the object the light came from. Some telescopes, called refracting telescopes, collect and focus light through a glass lens. Another type, the reflecting telescopes, reflect light on a glass mirror. The bigger the telescope the more light it collects, giving us a better view of what we want to look at. Some don't have just one big mirror, it has many little mirrors that fit together like bathroom tile. With the help of a computer, these little mirrors work together like one big mirror. The Hubble Space Telescope is the largest orbiting optical telescope in history.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The refracting and reflecting telescopes collect and focus visible light, which is light that we can see. There are also other types of light that we cannot see. Nowadays astronomers have telescopes to looks at different types of light. On Earth we can look at visible light and radio waves. A few of the very largest telescopes look for radio light. Other types of light, like X-ray light and ultraviolet light, can only be looked at from space, so astronomers have built telescopes in space that orbit the Earth. The most famous is the Hubbell Space Telescope.

Iso-osmolar Concentration of Carrot Cells Lab Essay

For a more thorough understanding of this lab introduction, the concepts of, iso osmolar, membrane, equilibrium, and concentration gradient evaluated. Iso osmolar can be known as the point in which the substance of experimentation faces no change despite the amount of solute inside the solvent( because the solvent and solute concentration is equal. This is where the line on a graph would cross on the x-axis). Selectively permeable membrane can be defined as a microscopic double layer of lipids and proteins that bounds cells and organelles and forms structures within cells and it controls what comes in and out of the cell. Equilibrium is the state of a chemical reaction in which its forward and reverse reactions occur at equal rates so that the concentration of the reactants and products does not change with time. Before this experiment, we were educated on how osmosis functions. Osmosis is a process which molecules and water take to usually get through a selectively permeable membrane in order to reach equilibrium. It is a passive transport which requires no ATF and water moves from high to low water concentration. When osmosis is completed, there should be an equal concentration o water on both sides of the experiment. We have also learned about the iso osmolar point which is when the concentration of molecules are identical inside and outside. Also, we predicted that if the carrot sticks were placed into higher concentrations of sucrose solutions, then the sticks would loose more water. The concentration of particles inside the carrot cells will be found by having them placed into various different solutions with different sucrose concentrations. This will cause the carrot cells to either lose or gain water as the control tries to reach equilibrium with the solution. By measuring the carrot mass before the experiment and after they sat in the mixture for two days, we are able to observe the change in mass of the carrots. The amount of water the carrot lost or gained would show the percentage of mass change, which then we can use to conclude the concentration of particles inside the carrot. By finding the iso osmolar point, we are able to find the concentration of particles inside the carrot, because the iso osmolar point exhibits the solution that has the same concentration both in the carrot and out. The carrot sticks inside the 0.0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.9, and 1.0M sucrose mixtures, will have water enter/leave them. In this experiment, the independent variable was the molarity/sucrose concentration of the solutions the carrot sticks were placed into. The dependent variable was the percentage change of mass for the carrot sticks. For about half of the experiments(4/6), water left the carrot cells causing them to loose mass because there was a uneven concentration of water inside the carrot and outside. In the sucrose solutions in which the carrots lost mass, there was more water inside the cell compared to the outside, causing the water molecules in the carrot sticks to move out into the solution as a result of osmosis. Generally, substances try to spread out and reach the state of equilibrium instead of being concentrated in one area. This is why water enters and leaves the carrots; a result of osmosis. Also, there is a solution of sucrose that is perfect for the carrots sticks, which would result in zero percentage mass change of the carrot. The solution, if it is found, is called the iso osmolar point, which there is no change because there is no concentration gradient. CONCLUSION The results of the lab were fairly accurate because there was no team in the class that had a hugely differing result in their experiment. The 0.0 M sucrose had a +16.71% change in mass as a class average and we had a +21.05% percentage change in mass. The initial mass was 1.9g and the final mass was 2.3g. This happened because the concentration of sucrose inside the carrot was higher than the outside of the cell. The water molecules moved a lot faster into the carrot than the sucrose particles attempting to move out of the sticks through the selectively permeable membrane, thus resulting in a greater mass than the original. The result showed the affects of osmosis, where particles moved to achieve equilibrium. The 0.2 M sucrose had a +8.37% change in mass as a class average and our group and +9.52%. The initial mass for these carrots were 2.1g and became 2.3g when the 2 days had ended. This happened because of the same reason for the 0.0 M sucrose, where the concentration of particl es were greater inside the cell compared to the outside of the cell, causing the water molecules moving into the cell through the semi permeable membrane. However, the solution the carrots were dunked into had a 0.2 M sucrose, unlike the first solution. This caused the mass of the carrot to change less because there was already some particles outside of the cell, allowing for equilibrium to become reached a lot faster than 0.0 M sucrose. In 0.4 M sucrose, there was a class average of -2.34% and we had -4.76%. The initial mass was 2.1g with a final mass of 2.0g. This was the first solution to have a negative percentage change in mass from the other six. There was a decrease in mass of the carrot because water had moved from the carrot sticks into the solution around is trying to achieve equilibrium. The water molecules had moved from high concentration into lower concentration, moving our of the carrot cells, causing them to lose mass. The 0.6 M sucrose solution had a class average of -11.84% change in mass while we had a -9.52% change in mass. The initial mass was 2.1g and the final mass was 1.9g. This occurred for the same reason that 0.4 M sucrose lost mass; the carrot sticks had a higher concentration of water compared to the solution it was in, causing it to lose water as the H20 particle slide out using the selectively permeable membrane. The mass loss was greater because the difference in sucrose levels were greater, demanding a greater amount of water from the carrots for equilibrium to be achieved. 0.8 M sucrose had a class average of -15.13% and 1.0 M sucrose had a -20.06% change in mass. These two also occurred because of the same reason 0.4 and 0.6 M sucrose lost mass. But, there was a larger amount of water needed to be transferred out in order to reach equilibrium the higher the sucrose level was. This lab proved the osmosis theory very well, because all six experiments had accurate results because osmosis had occurred in every one of them. Osmosis has the tendency for water to move through the semi permeable membrane from a lesser concentration to a higher concentration(of solute), thus equalizing concentrations on each side. The carrot stick lab showed water moving from inside the carrot to out into the solution because there was a higher concentration of sucrose outside the carrots. Trying to reach equilibrium, the water molecules transferred out into the solution. By graphing the data out, we were able to find out the iso osmolar point of the carrot sticks. We got the result of 0.4 M sucrose as the point. This number represents the sucrose concentration the carrots would already have equilibrium at, and no need for more osmosis because the concentration of sucrose and water is same or very close to same already. Thus, there wouldn’t be any or little change in mass of the carrot sticks. There were many possible sources of error in this experiment however, because first of all, the equipment were not brand new. The equipment we have used had been used of various types of labs over the years, and had the chance that they were not properly washed, leaving traces of precious labs. The solutions that got intermixed with these chemicals we were not aware of, could of changed the data and threw us off. There is no idea what kind of chemical was on the glasses, so we could of prevented this by experimenting with never used equipment, or by using very well cleansed ones. By having extra sucrose or any other substance on the beakers and tubes, the solution would have become more hypotonic, thus there would be more movement through the membrane and therefore more mass would be lost or less mass would have been gained. This is because the left over sucrose in the beaker adds to the concentration of solute. Another source of error could of happened while blotting the carrots onto a tissue after the two days of waiting time. The carrots that were blotted onto the tissue paper probably lost water, and depending on the strength of the person blotting the carrots, they may have squeezed them too hard, altering results from what would have come out. This could of been fixed by having the carrot sticks pulled out by tweezers instead of draining them and picking them up by hand. Finally I think another source of error was temperature, because the temperature day by day would differ. The changing temperature might have caused data to change as of if they were to be placed into a room of constant temperature of the experimenting time. ANALYSIS If you threw a carrot into a jar of pure H20, would the carrot shrink or swell? Explain. I think if we threw a carrot into a jar of pure H20, the carrot would swell up. The carrot cell is also a plant cell, which flourishes best in a hypotonic solution unlike animal cells. The carrot cell wouldn’t explode unlike animal cells because they are equipped with cell walls which the animal cells lack. The cell wall stops the cell from exploding inside pure water. Instead, they are happiest inside pure H20. They are at a stage called turgid which is their normal state. In winter icy roads are often treated with salt. Why is this likely to lead to the death grasses along the roadside? During winter, when the roads are treated with salt, the environment around it takes damage. The salt is used so that the salt would â€Å"melt† the snow . The snow would treat the salt and H20 molecules would stick onto the salt molecule, separating from their â€Å"ice box† affect and causing them to melt. However, the salt would also stick onto the grasses along the roadside and suck their life out, in simpler terms. The salt on the grass would have a 100% salinity while grasses in comparison would have a much lower salinity percentage. Because the grass would be a hypotonic solution compared to the salt, it would loose water. Thus the environment would be hypertonic. In effort to reach equilibrium with their surroundings, the grass would have the water pulled out of them towards the salt. Introduction MLA citation â€Å"Diffusion.† And Osmosis. N.p., n.d. Web. 27 Jan. 2013. .

Romeo and Juliet Are Failed by Their Parental Figures, Discuss

Within the story of Romeo and Juliet the parental figures with responsibility over the children are not just the biological parents, however in the time when the play was written, this would have been normal for the rich, upper class families that the Montague’s and Capulet’s were. The parental figures over the two children change as their relationship between the two lovers develops and other events occur within their family lives.Juliet is the main focus of the changing in parental figures and this may be down to the failing of her by her nurse, at the start of the play the nurse is a vital role in her life, and Shakespeare shows this though Juliet confiding in the nurse. However, this is how the change occurs as we see Juliet feeling as she has been failed by nurse in these secretive chats. However Romeo remains with one strong figure in his life thought the play, Friar Lawrence, and although the outcomes of dramatic events this appears to remain the same thought out .Juliet and nurse have a strong bond at the beginning of the play, due to the relationship nurse agrees to help Juliet marry Romeo as nurse feels it is what Juliet really wants. However when lady Capulet wants Juliet to marry another man, late on in the play, the nurse advices Juliet to forget about Romeo and this is where the main start of Juliet feeling failed occurs.Juliet confides in her nurse for advice about Paris’ marriage proposal, but the trust between them breaks down when nurse says ‘I think you are happy in this second match, for it excels your first’ Juliet is angry at nurse for saying this as she wants the nurse to help her continue her love for Romeo. Feeling failed by Nurses lack of help she decides to go to Friar Lawrence for help, breaking her relationship with nurse.In this situation the Nurse may not have failed Juliet, as she only did what she thought was best for her, however through Juliet’s eyes, the nurse failed her by helping her with Romeo at the start but stopping when the situation developed. Juliet also feels let down by her father as he forces her to marry Paris even though she begs not to, and when she says ‘he shall not make me there a joyful bride’ meaning she will not marry Paris, he reacts angrily saying ‘Or I will drag thee on a hurdle thither. accusing her of treason for not wanting to do as her father commands of her. He thinks she should be proud and thankful that he has found her such a worthy husband. He is more concerned with her status, and that of his own, than he is her happiness. Juliet knows that she will get no help from her father in following her heart so she feels forced in to taking the desperate measure of faking her own death. Juliet is clearly let down by her father who should have listened to her and valued her happiness more.Romoe’s parents echo the relationship in the Capulet household between them and their children, as again their relationship is a distant one. So much so that Montague and Lady Montague don’t know what is wrong with Romeo when he is in depression over his unreturned love for Rosaline. However although they aren’t close to Romeo, he isn’t failed by his parents as there are still there for him ‘Could we but learn from whence his sorrows grow, we would as willingly to give cure as know. This is said by Montugue when he is asking Benvolio if he knows what is wrong with Romeo meaning he will put right what is wrong with Romeo if he knows what it is. So Friar Lawrence is a main parental figure though the play for Romeo throughout and for Juliet after her relationship with her nurse breaks down. Friar Lawrence really tries to help the couple. He marries them and helps Juliet develop a plan so that Romeo and Juliet can finally be together.He sends the ill fated message that never gets to Romeo and it is no failing of his that it does not reach him in time. However, despite all of his good i ntentions at the last he does fail Juliet, if he had not run away from the guards he may have been able to convince Juiet not to kill herself when she awakes from her drug induced death and finds Romeo dead beside her.In conclusion, Romeo and Juliet are let down by the parental figures in their lives. From the distant parents who care little for their happiness to the Friar and nurse who despite their love and devotion to the young people are ultimately not there for them when they need them most. Had the parental figures done a better job in supporting this young couple perhaps Romeo and Juliet would not be such a tragic love story.

Yellow colour precipitate Essays

Yellow colour precipitate Essays Yellow colour precipitate Essay Yellow colour precipitate Essay This is used in our experiment. 2,4-DNP reacts with the carbonyl group for a condensation reaction with the elimination of a water molecule. Take propanone as an example, The product formed is a yellow colour precipitate, so we can easily distinguish the presence of C=O group. This can also help us to identify the carbonyl compound as the precipitate collected has a sharp melting point. By using the melting point test, we can find out the melting point of the crystals formed and compare the result with a data book to find out the carbonyl compound. 2. Tollens reagent (Aldehyde only) The formula of this reagent is Ag(NH3)2+.As this reagent is not very stable, it must be prepared freshly in laboratory. To prepare the reagent, aqueous ammonia can be added in a continuous fashion directly to silver nitrate solution. At first, silver oxide will be formed and precipitate out, but as more ammonia solution is added the precipitate dissolves and the solution becomes clear as diamminesilver(I) is formed. At this point the addition of the ammonia should be stopped. This reagent is used in the silver mirror test. In this test, when there is the presence of aldehyde group, there would be formation of silver mirror.The equation of this reaction is as below [Ag(NH3)2]+ (aq) + e- i? Ag (s) + 2 NH3 (aq) RCHO (aq) + 3 OH- i? RCOO- + 2 H2O + 2 e- The aldehyde acts as an reducing agent where [Ag(NH3)2]+ was reduced to Ag(S) , the formation of silver mirror. This reaction is very useful to extinguish aldehyde from ketone as ketone does not show this reaction. Silver mirror formed in a flask 3. Fehling reagent Aldehydes are also oxidized by the Fehlings solution. This reagent is also prepared freshly in the laboratory. It is made initially as two separate solutions, known as Fehlings A and Fehlings B.Fehlings A is a blue aqueous solution of copper(II) sulfate, while Fehlings B is a clear solution of aqueous potassium sodium tartrate and a strong alkali (commonly sodium hydroxide). Equal volumes of the two mixtures are mixed together to get the final Fehlings solution, which is a deep blue colour. The Copper (II) ion is reduced to copper (I) oxide which is a red ppt, and in some cases, to copper metal (copper mirror). This is also useful to distinguish aldehyde from ketone and aromatic aldehyde as both ketone and aromatic aldehyde does not show any reaction. Using IR spectrumUsing the IR spectrum, if the compound contains a carbonyl (C=O) group, there will be a stretch in the wave number 1670-1820 with high intensity. Below is the IR spectrum of propanone Other preparation methods of ketones and aldehydes Kornblum-DeLaMare rearrangement The Kornblum-DeLaMare rearrangement is a rearrangement reaction in organic chemistry in which a primary or secondary organic peroxide is converted to the corresponding ketone and alcohol under base catalysis. Geminal halide hydrolysis The reactants are a geminal dihalide and water or a hydroxide. The reaction product is a ketone or an aldehyde.The first part of the reaction mechanism consists of an ordinary nucleophilic aliphatic substitution to produce a gem-halohydrin. Ruzicka Large Ring Synthesis Formation of large ring alicyclic ketones from dicarboxylic acids by thermal decomposition of salts with metals of the second and fourth groups of the periodic table (Ca, Th, Ce) Nef reaction Carbonyl compounds can also be formed using the Nef reaction. The Nef reaction is an organic reaction describing the acid hydrolysis of a salt of a primary or secondary nitroalkane (1) to an aldehyde or a ketone (3) and nitrous oxide (4).Precaution of this experiment 1. Concentrated sulphuric acid is highly corrosive and oxidizing, so it must be handled with care. 2. Acidified potassium dichromate is also very oxidizing, so it should also be treated carefully. 3. If any concentrated sulphuric acid or acidified potassium dichromate are in contact with our skin, we should wash it with running tap water immediately. 4. During the oxidation of propan-2-ol, safety goggles should be worn as this reaction is highly exothermic.Reference: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chromic_acid.

Jimmy Carter- Facts on the 39th President

Jimmy Carter- Facts on the 39th President Here is a quick list of fast facts for Jimmy Carter. For more in depth information, you can also read the Jimmy Carter Biography. Birth: October 1, 1924 Death: Term of Office: January 20, 1977 - January 20, 1981 Number of Terms Elected: 1 Term First Lady: Eleanor Rosalynn Smith Chart of the First Ladies Jimmy Carter Quote: Human rights is the soul of our foreign policy, because human rights is the very soul of our sense of nationhood.Additional Jimmy Carter Quotes Election of 1976: Carter ran against incumbent Gerald Ford against the backdrop of the United States Bicentennial. The fact that Ford had pardoned Richard Nixon of all wrongdoing after he had resigned from the presidency caused his approval rating to severely drop. Carters outsider status worked in his favor. Further, while Ford performed well in their first presidential debate, he committed a gaffe in the second concerning Poland and the Soviet Union that continued to haunt him through the rest of the campaign.   The election ended up being very close. Carter won the popular vote by two percentage points.  The electoral vote was very close. Carter held 23 states with 297 electoral votes. On the other hand, Ford won 27 states and 240 electoral votes. There was one faithless elector representing Washington who voted for Ronald Reagan instead of Ford.   Major Events While in Office: Vietnam War era draft evaders pardoned (1977)Panama Canal Treaty (1977)Camp David Accords (1978)US officially recognizes Peoples Republic of China (1979)Three Mile Island incident (1979)Iran Hostage Crisis (1979-81) States Entering Union While in Office: None Significance of Jimmy Carters Presidency: One of the big issues that Carter dealt with during his administration was energy. He created the Department of Energy and named its first Secretary. In addition, after the Three Mile Island incident, he oversaw stricter regulations for Nuclear Energy plants.   In 1978,  Carter  held peace talks at Camp David between Egyptian president Anwar Sadat and Israeli Prime Minister Menachem Begin which ended in a formal peace treaty between the two countries in 1979. In addition, America formally established diplomatic relations between China and the U.S.   On November 4, 1979, 60 Americans were taken hostage when the U.S. embassy in Teheran, Iran was taken. 52 of these hostages were held for longer than a year. Oil imports were halted and economic sanctions were imposed. Carter staged a rescue attempt in 1980. Unfortunately, three of the helicopters used in the rescue malfunctioned, and they were unable to proceed. The Ayatollah Khomeini finally agreed to let the hostages go if the US would unfreeze Iranian assets. However, he did not complete the release until Ronald Reagan was inaugurated as president.   Related Jimmy Carter Resources: These additional resources on Jimmy Carter can provide you with further information about the president and his times. Chart of Presidents and Vice PresidentsThis informative chart gives quick reference information on the presidents, vice-presidents, their terms of office, and their political parties. Other Presidential Fast Facts: Gerald FordRonald ReaganList of American Presidents

Design evaluation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Design evaluation - Essay Example In the United Kingdom today copper is a popular material used for facades, roofs and other external building elements on some of the most exciting modern designs. But this has not always been so. Historically, copper roofs several hun ¬dred years old can be seen on many British city skylines, although usually limited to churches, civic buildings and other important structures. During the twentieth century, copper roofs became more widely used for ordinary buildings – although many were of little architec ¬tural quality. Unfortunately, poor de ¬tailed design and installation techniques resulted in technical failures and the material fell out of fashion until the 1980s. Then, the copper industry intro ¬duced modern installation techniques to the UK – including the long-strip meth ¬od – and launched a promotional cam ¬paign to make architects aware of cop ¬per as a thoroughly modern architectural material. This ‘Copper in Architecture’ cam paign continues today.(Article by Tom Woolley in Sustain magazine, vol 3 no 3) It highlights the ability for copper sheets to be easily formed to suit any three-dimensional shape, making it a suitable weatherproof covering for virtually any external surface including roofs of all pitches, vertical cladding, gutters, soffits and even sculptural elements. Architects now recognise that it is one of the few materials that can offer complete mate ¬rial continuity and real freedom of form in architectural design.

The Pros and Cons of Search and Seizure Laws Research Paper

The Pros and Cons of Search and Seizure Laws - Research Paper Example The paper tells that sometimes, government representatives can search individual’s property usually regarded as private for constitutional reasons. Normally, the search happens when the person possesses or permanently lives in the area of search. When a representative of the government uses control over a person so he feels he cannot liberally leave or end the interaction with the representative there is occurrence of a seizure. However, a seizure occurs only when an individual yields to the government but in case the individual avoids detention or escapes, there is no occurrence of seizure. In the police department, Search and Seizure process is a famous occurrence. Since the process is legal, any official from the law enforcement department can carry out a search on one's individual property in case there is some kind of suspicion on the individual about involvement in any kind of criminal activity. However, several rules to observe when executing a search and seizure proced ure. In the United States Constitution, the search and seizure procedure is in the fourth amendment act. However, the society regularly violates this act because it additionally offers the affected citizens the assurance to ask for security against the seizure idea. The main reason for the Fourth Amendment was to shield the personal privacy and rights of American citizens. It states that every person has the right to be safe in their persons, papers, houses, and effects against insensible searches and seizures. In addition, this amendment explains the making and execution of specific warrants. This law is very important when tackling drug cases because the way the police discover and seize the drugs is important in any drug crime case. In addition, after a thorough investigation the search and seizure can be valid admissible evidence in court (California Criminal lawyers, 2010). It is evident that the African Americans experience an uneven share of arrests and prison sentences. Alth ough this could be because of differences in the disparity flows in crime rates across population groups, it could also be because of the discrepancy being an outcome of discriminatory targeting of suspects by the police. Since the fourth Amendment law says nothing about their exercise of enforcement judgment about the pool of potential suspects, the police can target whomever they desire. Consequently, the black drivers have no legal claim in case the police officers stop large numbers of black drivers allegedly for speeding but mainly examine the presence of drugs while stopping few whites (Law.jrank, 2011). The main reason why the courts invalidated vagrancy and loitering is the acts of racism together with broad police judgment. In order to fight these two vices, the modern government is turning its focus on suspects' privacy interests and taking on a fictive view of agreement that permits a good deal of informal coercion to happen. However, this method is not effective because the police have no authority like the one present in the old regime to help them carry out effective community policing (Stuntz, 1999). The major focus of the search and seizure law is to protect privacy. "Privacy" in this case does not mean the generalized right for exclusion but rather, the interest of being free from observation. Additionally, this law helps protect the community from the evil acts in which only the police can reveal and see but the ordinary citizen cannot hence the police are able to incriminate the criminals (Law.jrank, 2011). As Agarwal (2008) affirms, the major purpose of the enforcement of search and seizure laws is to protect the society against all insecurity and delinquency. The law of search and seizure helps to respect and protect the privacy of community members. In this regard, it helps in

Marketing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words - 13

Marketing - Essay Example sly existed between countries of various parts of the world and has thereby paved the way for economic development through the process of creation of internal and domestic demand for products and services of international brand, quality, design and stature. It is of considerable importance to state that the need of economic development has led to the process of opening up of economies around the world. The emergence of new and developing economies around the globe has played a catalytic role in the process of increasing the level of competition in the marketplace. So quite naturally, this has led to the process of increasing the demand for standardised and high quality goods and services in regions all over the world. In an attempt to maintain a level of standardization, the services sector all over the world has focused on implementing various new tools and strategies that considerably helps in the process of developing a significant benchmark of service delivery and retaining of authentic quality. With the growth, penetration and continuous evolution of technology, the global services sector has broadened its extension to delivering services to clients who are located in various parts of the world. It is of significant importance to state that in an attempt to do so, the services sector has increasingly embedded the technology platform as a medium of delivery in their entire service delivery model. It can be said that the Hilton Garden Inn Hotel is part of the highly popular brand of hotel chain which is trademarked by the group Hilton Worldwide. The hotel offer hospitality sector based service offerings, which are found to be falling within the category of mid-range pricing. The hotel and its esteemed services are mostly targeted consumers all over the world, who essentially form the segment of business men and leisure travellers. Talking in a more detailed manner, it can be said that the Hilton Garden Inn Hotel is a part of the independently operating chain

Daedalus, momentarily stricken with jealousy Essay Example for Free

Daedalus, momentarily stricken with jealousy Essay Daedalus was a highly respected and talented Athenian artisan descendent from the royal family of Cecrops, the mythical first king of Athens. He was known for his skill as an architect, sculpture, and inventor, and he produced many famous works. Despite his self-confidence, Daedalus once committed a crime of envy against Talus, his nephew and apprentice. Talus, who seemed destined to become as great an artisan as his uncle Daedalus, was inspired one day to invent the saw after having seen the way a snake used its jaws. Daedalus, momentarily stricken with jealousy, threw Talus off of the Acropolis. For this crime, Daedalus was exiled to Crete and placed in the service of King Minos, where he eventually had a son, Icarus, with the beautiful Naucrate, a mistress-slave of the King. Minos called on Daedalus to build the famous Labyrinth in order to imprison the dreaded Minotaur. The Minotaur was a monster with the head of a bull and the body of a man. He was the son of Pasiphae, the wife of Minos, and a bull that Poseidon had sent to Minos as a gift. Minos was shamed by the birth of this horrible creature and resolved to imprison the Minotaur in the Labyrinth where it fed on humans, which were taken as tribute by Minos and sacrificed to the Minotaur in memory of his fallen son Androgenos. Theseus, the heroic King of Athens, volunteered himself to be sent to the Minotaur in the hopes of killing the beast and ending the human tribute that his city was forced to pay Minos. When Theseus arrived to Crete, Ariadne, Minoss daughter, fell in love with him and wished to help him survive the Minotaur. Daedalus revealed the mystery of the Labyrinth to Ariadne who in turn advised Theseus, thus enabling him to slay the Minotaur and escape from the Labyrinth. When Minos found out what Daedalus had done he was so enraged that he imprisoned Daedalus Icarus in the Labyrinth themselves. Daedalus conceived to escape from the Labyrinth with Icarus from Crete by constructing wings and then flying to safety. He built the wings from feathers and wax, and before the two set off he warned Icarus not to fly too low lest his wings touch the waves and get wet, and not too high lest the sun melt the wax. But the young Icarus, overwhelmed by the thrill of flying, did not heed his fathers warning, and flew too close to the sun whereupon the wax in his wings melted and he fell into the sea. Daedalus escaped to Sicily and Icarus body was carried ashore by the current to an island then without a name. Heracles came across the body and recognized it, giving it burial where today there still stands a small rock promontory jutting out into the Aegean Sea, and naming the island and the sea around it after the fallen Icarus.