Engineering ewb research Essay

1. IntroductionThe Engineers Without B shows Australia (EWB) Challenge is a architectural plan where first twelvemonth University Students throughout Australia ar required to select from a die hard of problems associated with the living conditions of a disadvantaged companionship within Nepal, much specifically the colony of Sandikhola, a hilltop re b dodderynessntial argona in the Gorkha rule. The students ar then required to start creative solutions to combat these problems to benefit the residential district through design, teamwork and proper communication. This peculiar(prenominal) question report group 9C exit be focusing on weewee tot up and Sanitation Systems ( washables), in particular dual hold Systems (genus Mus). MUS refers to a schema where the body of pee is used for a function of purposes, so as to minimize the measurement of fresh pissing needed to be drawn from the reference point and affix the pertinency of the source. This report will be outlining seek conducted into the MUS including the geography of the Gorkha soil, a reason study on a WASH initiative already in quad in Nepal, also included in the report will be an military rank of sources of investigate, and a conclusion of the report.2. Research2.1 geographics of the Gorkha DistrictThe Gorkha District in Nepal is laid on the mid-southern bea of the Terai region near the center of Nepal. More specifically the colonisation of Sandikhola is hardened around 42 kilometers nitrogen East of Bharatpur, which or so is over an instant drive apiece way via a dirt road which is only favorable by 44s and is not main courseible in sozzled conditions. The village of Sandikhola is located on the side of a hill with an elevation of 1256 meters, and is roughly divided into three different branchs consisting of crops, lodgement and livestock.2.1.1 Natural ResourcesLand is seen as the more or slight invaluable natural imagination to some citizens of the Gor kha order. With over 80% of the mess, 24 506 759 people, earning a livelihood from farming, which in turn produces 36.1% of gross sinknal product on a depicted object scale. referable to water shortages and unreliability in relative to irrigation, this is not a secure resource for the people of the Gorkha district. The only problem with utilizing knowledge base to this major of a scale is that it is macrocosm overly depleted due to the accelerating emergence of population, leadingto giganticspread destruction of ecological systems. The other resource is water, which argon pollute due to leave out of sanitization and the escape of the resource, other than location, is due to de-forestation and the devastating personal exploits it has on the environment.2.1.2 Technological ResourcesThe Gorkha district has genuinely limited technological resources, in particular when 90% of the population live in outlandish atomic number 18as and average earnings per family per week are be meek a dollar which run the affordability of technological resources impossible for poor families. surprisingly the teleph superstar signal throughout the district is surprisingly good although this is a chthonic used resource due to overlook of infrastructure and finances. With beneath 7% of the population having inlet to the internet communication on a global and up to now national scale can be super difficult. Due to the developing nature of Nepal access to any modern technology is unviable, with it sometimes taking up to and over 6 months for any technology to reach numerous rural communities e.g. water testing kits.2.1.3 race and Income through with(predicate) researching Population and Income it was found that on that point are over 30 i million million people in Nepal, with approximately ccc 000 people in Gorkha. The Terai region accommodates for 50.27% of the furbish up sense population, roughly 15 million people, which is the rough/ hilly region of N epal which can found life very difficult for these people in particular. The average household income is less than one dollar a twenty-four hours with more than 40% living under the poverty line. In the Gorkha district 90% of citizens live in rural areas which goes to launch the neediness of urban connection save reinforcing the fact that development of technology in relation to water use will greatly affect the population in all aspects of life.2.1.4 Natural DisastersNatural Disasters kick in a major effect on developing countries, especially where climate counterchange is concerned. This is due to the high dependence on climate sensitive sectors in the Gorkha district including glaciers, agriculture and forestry, and its low financial adaptive capacity. These disasters are becoming increasingly commonplace with the acceleration of global warming. This is due to the increase temperatures experienced compared to 1990 to 2010 where an increase of 1.9 Degrees Celsius to the ave ragetemperature, these particular natural disasters include an increase in dry periods, floods, intense rainfall, landslides, forest fires, rooted(p) retreats, and glacier lake outburst flood threats. The other main natural disasters common to this area are earthquakes due to the positioning of Gorkha on the meeting point of the Eurasian and Indian tectonic plates. These disasters need to be taken into handbill so the MUS can stretch out destruction via natural disaster.2.1.5 Climatic ConditionsShown in these devil graphs (below) is the average rainfall and temperature of the Gorkha District. By studying these two graphs it can be seen that the year is divided into a pissed and dry epoch with the temperature throughout the year remaining relatively constant with a minimum mountain chain of 3 degrees Celsius and a maximum arrange of 9 degrees Celsius. This research is essential to the analysis of water tag on2.1.6 Education LevelsIn the Gorkha district schooling is a work in fortify with the basic literacy rate at 45% of males and only 28% of women. In the district alone on that point are mean to 500 schools, 400 of which are public. With the service of run of umteen Non-Government Organizations, development of these schools has had an excellent effect on the fosterage system, for example at the end of 2013 1000 computers were distri hardlyed to these schools readily reservation operational vast piths of educational resources to these communities. The problems associated with the education levels include the travel distance especially within rural areas, and also the miss of proper WASH resources which affects the health of the students.2.1.7 base of operationsIn relation to the Infrastructure available to the people of Gorkha it can be notable as ineffective. This is found as roadstead to many of the rural areas within which the legal age lives, are virtually inaccessible without a 44, as less than a quarter of roads in Nepal actual ly world paved/concreted. This is increasingly do challenging due to less than 1% of the population actually having access to a car. The main form of transport readilyavailable are the public buses, but on the other hand they are not extremely reliable with the soldiers of strikes which occur, making life for the people more difficult when they have to bye for hours to cleave where they were going. Another major flaw is the unfitness for citizens to access a range of operate with less than 15% of people having access to formal health care services, children having to walk on average 1-3 hours to attend school, there is also a lack of an electrical energy supply to majority of rural areas, lack of public sewage treatment in the majority of the district and in popular isolation of rural areas.2.2 Existing SolutionsIn the community of Sandikhola, there is a wide range of problems associated with water supply. These include the availableness to water sources, the cleanliness/qual ity of water supply, the fare of water supplied, and the ability for the resource to be effectively used across internal uses and productive uses. Currently in Sandikhola approximately 80% of WASH techniques are soon in place with there being a few sources of water one small waterway, eight tap stands and two bouncing intakes but during the dry season these intakes become unavailable due to low pressure. When this occurs the community must draw water from a larger ring located further away from the village tear the hill. In the case of Sandikhola at each spring intake is a rootage tank, there are three water quality testers spread across the village, one rain monitor and two ladder monitors. Also introduced to this community is the use of cycle water, such as capturing overflows at spring intakes, Rainwater Harvesting (RWH), Ground Water Capture (GWC), fog water, and grey water systems. Through the integration of a range of these sources, systems and techniques we develop a MUS system.2.2.1 complex body partBasically the MUS is constructed via the connection of a range of single use technologies e.g. spring intake, storage tanks, tap stands. This is to reduce the amount of water requires for use by cut back waste water (sustainability), and also to make it more accessible for the villagers. For the construction many of the village members are heavily mingled in construction so as to ensure the education of the MUS to the community allowing it to be properly maintained even after the EWB/NEWAH team leaves.2.2.2 Inputs and OutputsFor the implementation of the MUS there are a design of inputs required, these include help from a tertiary party in this case EWB and NEWAH in relation to funding, research and designing, participation from members of the Sandikhola community, materials, veritable technologies, and tools. For every input there is an output, in this case once construction is immaculate some of the outputs of the technology become evident , these including an increase of income and benefits in relation to this including general health, nutrition, kindly empowerment, food security, time savings. Diversification of Livelihood, which is the process by which the community develops a range of activities and social support capabilities in order to survive and improve their standards of living i.e. education, inter/intra-societal interaction. Increase in sustainability including, efficient water transfer from the water source for domestic and productive applications.3. Evaluation of Sources of InformationIn research for this assignment, I tend to transport clear of any non-reliable or inaccurate resources. To do this books become an extremely valuable and trusted resource, and when using websites as resources I have stuck to .org websites while at the corresponding time checking the about us section as not all .org sites are official sites. Some ways I checked the accuracy and validity of my sources of reading include a nalysis of the depth of coverage, find the intended audience so it is germane(predicate) for this report, analysis of language used i.e. forward-looking to low level understanding. The dates of the study are essential for proper research, too old might be inaccurate compared to newer information. Does the source have a bibliography and the type of sources of information the author uses and an analysis of the layout and structure of the document. Through all of this analyzing we are able to deposit the accurate and reliable sources of information.4. ConclusionIn conclusion, through the research of the Gorkha district and my vagabond area the MUS, it is possible to realize the imperative potential that the implementation of the MUS has on all aspects of life. This is due to water play a massive part in the lives of every human, and when there is a lack of sufficient resource, daily functionality is affected.5. ReferencesRenwick, et.al, 2007, Multiple Use Water Services For The Poor Assessing the raise of Knowledge, Winrock International Arlington, VA Mikhail, et.al, 2008, Multiple-Use Water Service slaying in Nepal and India Experience and Lessons Scale-Up, International knowledge Enterprises Lakewood, CO Engineers without Borders USA 2014, EWB-USA, Denver viewed 10 March 2014, http//my.ewb-usa.org/project-resources/technical-resources. iDE Organization 2014, iDEORG, Colorado viewed 10 March 2014, http//www.ideorg.org/OurTechnologies/MultipleUseWaterSystems.aspx. possible Action 2014, Practical Action, Rugby viewed 12 March 2014, http//practicalaction.org/mus-2. Engineers Without Borders Australia 2014, Engineers Without Borders, jointure Melbourne viewed 12 March 2014, http//www.ewbchallenge.org/nepal-water-healthnewah/sandikhola. Smith, J., 2014, Personal Communication, twenty-fifth February 2014 United Nations 2014, United Nations, New York viewed twelfth March 2014, http//www.un.org.np/maps/nepal-gorkha-district. Rural poverty portal vein 2012, I FAD, Vancouver viewed 12 March 2014, http//www.ruralpovertyportal.org/en/ pastoral/statistics/tags/nepal.